An ovarian cancer diagnosis can be scary, as this form of cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, it can become more difficult to treat, making early awareness important. Knowing the signs, understanding the diagnostic process, and learning about treatment options from an oncologist can offer patients hope and support.
Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the part of the female reproductive system that matures and releases ova. It occurs when cells in the ovaries begin to grow and divide uncontrolled. There are several types of ovarian cancer, but the most common is epithelial ovarian cancer, which develops from cells covering the surface of the ovaries and surrounding tissues. Other types include germ cell tumors and stromal tumors, which are less common but still important to recognize.
This condition can affect patients of any age, although it is more common in those over 50. Risk factors may include family history, genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2, endometriosis, and never having been pregnant. Still, ovarian cancer can also develop without any clear risk factors, making awareness of symptoms important.
Early ovarian cancer may not cause symptoms, and when symptoms appear, they may be mistaken for common digestive or menstrual issues. However, certain symptoms suggest something more serious, including:
Keeping track of changes and discussing them openly can lead to earlier detection. Therefore, if any of these symptoms persist for over a few weeks, speak with a healthcare provider immediately.
Diagnosis usually begins with a pelvic exam, followed by imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan to get a clearer view of the ovaries and surrounding areas. If there is a concern, a blood test can measure levels of a protein called CA 125, which can be elevated in cases of ovarian cancer.
If a suspicious mass is found, a biopsy — removing a small tissue sample for examination under a microscope — is typically required to confirm if cancer cells are present. A full diagnosis may not be confirmed until after surgery to remove the mass. Once diagnosed, additional tests can determine the stage and if the cancer has spread.
Treatment for ovarian cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease, as well as the patient’s overall health. Most patients will undergo surgery to remove the tumor. This surgery can involve removing one or both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and nearby lymph nodes, depending on how far the cancer has spread.
Chemotherapy commonly follows surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce reoccurrence risk. This part of treatment may involve multiple cycles over several months. Some patients may receive chemotherapy before surgery to help shrink the tumor so it is easier to remove.
Targeted and hormone therapy may also be part of a treatment plan, especially in cases involving specific genetic mutations. These therapies work by interfering with the cancer’s ability to grow and spread. For some patients, participation in a clinical trial may provide access to emerging treatments.
Patients may experience various emotions and physical challenges during and beyond treatment. Support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals makes a significant difference. Counseling, nutritional support, and physical therapy may help improve the quality of life during and after treatment. Additionally, those who wish to have children can explore egg freezing, a fertility preservation option.
Regular follow-up care is important to monitor recovery and catch any signs of recurrence early. Many patients continue to lead full lives following treatment, especially when the cancer is detected at an earlier stage. Even in advanced cases, new treatments continue to improve outcomes.
There is no guaranteed way to prevent ovarian cancer, but some steps may reduce the risk. These include the use of birth control pills and undergoing risk-reducing surgery for those with a strong family history or known genetic mutations. Because early symptoms can be vague, routine gynecological care is key for early detection. Those with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer may benefit from genetic counseling and testing to better understand their risk.
Understanding the symptoms, diagnosis process, and treatments for ovarian cancer helps patients take control of their health. Clear communication with healthcare providers and awareness of changes in the body are key to staying informed and prepared. Reach out to an oncologist to learn more today.
Request an appointment here: https://lindenbergcancer.com or call Lindenberg Cancer & Hematology Center at (856) 475-0876 for an appointment in our Marlton office.
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